Jaworowski
Beck
Alexander Cockburn
schneider quote from wiki
2003, 4 years ago.
Louis Hissink

Carbon Dioxide Monitoring Sites	Satellite picture of the Asian Brown Cloud
(Fig 1.1) Source: Scripps Institution of Oceanography monitoring sites	(Fig 1.2) Image couresy of NASA

        The Scripps Institution of Oceanography has publically available data from 10 CO2 monitoring stations around the globe.   The locations of these stations can be seen in the map pictured in Fig 1.2.  All but one of these stations are located in very isolated parts of the world.  The purpose of isolating the monitoring stations from civilization is to avoid contamination from industry, cars, volcanoes, and smog.  The satellite photograph of the Asian Brown Cloud (Fig 1.2) shows how contaminants or pollution can collect in certain parts of the world's atmosphere.  In time the air will mix evenly with the rest of the globe.  Putting a measuring device in the middle of the ocean or in a remote place like Alaska will avoid sampling these pockets because the air will have plenty of time to mix.  The following is a list of the CO2 monitoring stations.  Descriptions of methods used and their data are freely available to the public:

1. Mauna Loa, Hawaii
2. Barrow, Alaska 
3. Cape Matatula, Samoa 
4. South Pole, Antarctica 
5. Alert, NWT, Canada 
6. Cape Kumukahi
7. Christmas Island
8. Baring Head
9. Kermadec Island
10. La Jolla Pier

Measuring CO2 pre 1958	Measuring CO2 since 1958 added in red, ice core readings in green
Source: Louis Hissink Responds, Scientifically & ANOTHER GLOBAL WARMING FRAUD EXPOSED, Jaworowski, 1997, p43	Fig 2.2, Source: Tim Lambert

        Before 1958 the readings, shown by black dots, were all over the place. They vary by as much as 250 ppm in a single year.  Yet the readings after 1958, shown by the red line (Fig 2.2), follow a very smooth and very predictable curve.  The post 1958 CO2 growth rate is at minimum 0.30 ppm (1964) and at maximum 2.95 ppm (1998) per year.  The pre-1958 CO2 readings (black dots) seem to make much larger jumps of 250 ppm.  The CO2 levels post 1958 have always gone up from one year to the next.  This is not the case pre-1958 where CO2 levels frequently switch directions from increasing to decreasing.  So why are the pre-1958 CO2 readings so different than post 1958 CO2 readings?  Well the answer lies in the devices used to take the measurements.  The glass tube on the left is what was used pre-1958.  The IR gas analyzer (Fig 3.2) and sampling tower (Fig. 3.3) on the right are what was used post 1958.

Measuring CO2 pre 1958	Measuring CO2 since 1958	Sampling Tower
(Fig 3.1) Source: Tellus, VII, 1955	(Fig 3.2) Source: ORNL: Siemens Ultramat nondispersive Infrared Gas Analyzer @ Mauna Lua	(Fig. 3.3) Source: USGCRP: Ameriflux Tower

The ancient measuring device on the left (Fig 3.1) has a few problems

1. People exhale CO2 and this device is right next to you.
2. Pumping the bulb does not guarantee all of the original air will be flushed out of the sampling container.
3. Pumping the bulb encourages backflow from the cylinder which is pretty close to the samplers armpit if not his mouth.
4. Is not a whole lot of volume to work with.
5. Has a whole host of calibration problems.

The CO2 measuring device on the right (Fig 3.2) doesn't have any of these problems.  Air samples at Mauna Loa are collected continuously from air intakes at the top of four 7-m towers and one 27-m tower.

Highly irregular pre-1958 readings shown by black dots	Consistent CO2 readings from 8 different stations
(Fig. 4.1) Source: Tim Lambert	Data from: Scripps Institution of Oceanograpy (Fig. 4.2) Graph from: Logical Science**

        The line graph on the above right (Fig. 4.2) shows the data from the monitoring stations discussed above (Fig 1.1).  As you can see the data is very consistent.  It does not vary from station to station.  And other than a slow upward trend, it does not vary a whole lot from year to year.  This characteristic is not only shown by our current readings but it can be seen in the ice cores as well.  The ice core data is shown by the green line in figure 4.1.  Yet Jaworowski says the green line is wrong and the highly eratic black dots are correct.

Depsite these mistake Louis Hissink claims that this "shows [his] critic[s have] no knowledge of the scientific literature." 








Relevant Info

Mass of atmosphere (in metric gigatons)	5,137,000 Gt
Mass of 1ppm CO2 in the atmosphere	2.13 Gt
Maximum CO2 record during the entire Pre-industrial Holocene	280 ppm
Atmospheric CO2 content as of 4/2007	386.37 ppm
Global CO2 Emissions from Fossil Fuels, Cement Manufacture, and Gas Flaring	7.3 Gt

*CO2 emissions from livestock were derived without considering landuse changes.  If somebody has a better way of calculating a natural increase in animal growth please e-mail me.
** Graph was created with microsoft Excel

Sources:

1. Warwickhughes, High CO2 in the 1940’s atmosphere, contrary to IPCC science
2. Rabett Run, Found in the margins, Thursday, April 12, 2007
3. Rabett Run, Where HAS all the CO2 gone......., Wednesday, December 06, 2006
4. Rabett Run, Amateur night....., Tuesday, October 03, 2006
5. Stoat, CO2: Just in case you thought some things are too mad to consider 
6. Some ar Boojums,Jaworowski 2003: A cornucopia of misinformation, Part 1, 
7. ORNL,Atmospheric carbon dioxide record from Mauna Loa, C.D. Keeling and T.P. Whorf, 
8. Carbon Dioxide Research Group, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, La Jolla, California 92093-0444, U.S.A. 
9. NASA, Haze over China, Shenzhen
10. A few Things Ill Considered, The CO2 Rise Is Natural 
11. Paleoclimate and CO2, Temperature and CO2 since last ice age
12. Henry Thornton, Louis Hissink Responds, Scientificaly , 
13. Deltoid, Hissink, CO2 and conspiracy theories, Fri Jan 7th 2005 
14. Oak Ridge National Laboratory,Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Frequently Asked Global Change Questions 
15. Trenberth, 1981 JGR 86:5238-46
16. Whittaker, R. H.; Likens, G. E. (1975). "The Biosphere and Man"
17.  Leith, H. & Whittaker, R. H.: Primary Productivity of the Biosphere. 
18. Springer-Verlag, 305-328. ISBN 0-3870-7083-4. ; Ecological Studies Vol 14 (Berlin)
19. Wikipedia: biomass
20. NASA, SATELLITE DATA HELP RESEARCHERS TRACK CARBON IN NORTHERN HEMISPHERE FORESTS, December 11, 2001
21. Encyclopedia Earth, Carbon cycle,
22. 21st CENTURY ANOTHER GLOBAL WARMING FRAUD EXPOSED Ice Core Data Show No Carbon Dioxide Increase Zbigniew Jaworowski, Ph.D. Spring 1997 
23. Warwickhughes,Climate Change: Incorrect information on pre-industrial CO2, March 19, 2004, Statement of Prof. Zbigniew Jaworowski Climate Momentum Shifting: 
24. The Inhofe EPW Press Blog, Prominent Scientists Reverse Belief in Man-made Global Warming - Now Skeptics, Growing Number of Scientists Convert to Skeptics After Reviewing New Research, Marc_Morano@EPW.Senate.Gov - 9:14 PM ET 
25. Callendar, G.S., On the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Tellus, 1958. 10: p. 243-248.
    

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